Deionization

The result is ultra pure water (Type I water).

This technology is critical in pharmaceutical, electronics and laboratory applications. The process occurs in three stages: First, positively charged ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) are exchanged with H⁺ ions in cation exchange resin. Then negatively charged ions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, SiO₂) are exchanged with OH⁻ ions in anion exchange resin.

Finally, released H⁺ and OH⁻ ions combine to form water molecule. Deionization systems are produced in Two-Bed DI, Mixed-Bed DI and Multi-Bed DI configurations. Mixed-Bed DI provides the highest purity and gives 0.055 µS/cm (18.2 MegaOhm) output quality. This system produces ultra pure water compliant with pharmaceutical quality WFI (Water for Injection) standards.

DI systems operate in compliance with ASTM Type I laboratory ultra pure water, USP/EP pharmaceutical quality and SEMI F63 semiconductor ultra pure water standards. With this technology, ultra pure water is obtained for critical applications in pharmaceutical production, electronics industry, laboratories and power plants.